The First Gulf War, also known as the Gulf War of 1990–1991, was a major international conflict that reshaped Middle Eastern politics and confirmed the emergence of the United States as the dominant global power after the Cold War. It began with the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq and ended with a decisive military response led by a United States–led coalition under the authority of the United Nations. Background: Why Did It Start? The roots of the war lie in the aftermath of the long and exhausting Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988). Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein, emerged heavily indebted, owing billions of dollars to neighboring countries, especially Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Several key issues triggered tensions: Economic Disputes – Iraq accused Kuwait of overproducing oil, which lowered global oil prices and damaged Iraq’s fragile economy. Debt Forgiveness – Iraq demanded that Kuwait forgive loans it had provided during the war with Iran. Territorial Claims – Iraq claimed that Kuwait historic...